PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS
|
UBS4 |
NKJV | NRSV | TEV | NJB |
| Paul and Barnabas at Iconium | At Iconium | Ministry in the Iconium Region and Return | In Iconium | Iconium Evangelism |
| 14:1-7 | 14:1-7 | 14:1-7 | 14:1-4 | 14:1 |
| 14:2 | ||||
| 14:3 | ||||
| 14:4-7 | ||||
| 14:5-7 | ||||
| Paul and Barnabas at Lystra | Idolatry at Lystra | In Lystra and Derbe | Healing of a Cripple | |
| 14:8-18 | 14:8-18 | 14:8-18 | 14:8-13 | 14:8-10 |
| 14:11-18 | ||||
| 14:14-18 | ||||
| Stoning, Escape to Derbe | End of the Mission | |||
| 14:19-20 | 14:19-20 | 14:19-20 | 14:19-20 | 14:19-20 |
| The Return to Antioch in Syria | Strengthening the Converts | The Return to Antioch in Syria | ||
| 14:21-28 | 14:21-28 | 14:21-23 | 14:21-23 | 14:21-23 |
| 14:24-28 | 14:24-26 | 14:24-26 | ||
| 14:27-28 | 14:27-28 |
READING CYCLE THREE (from “A Guide
to Good Bible Reading“)
FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR’S INTENT AT THE PARAGRAPH LEVEL
This is a study
guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own
interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the
Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not
relinquish this to a commentator.
Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects.
Compare your subject divisions with the five modern translations. Paragraphing
is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author’s intent,
which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one main
subject.
1. First paragraph
2. Second paragraph
3. Third paragraph
4. Etc.
How Does Paul’s
Mission Relate to Galatians?
A. These two aspects of background material must be dealt with together
because two opposing theories of the identities of the recipients affect the
dating of the letter. Both theories have logical weight and limited biblical
evidence.
B. The two theories
1. The traditional theory that was unanimous until the eighteenth century.
a. It is called the “Northern Galatian Theory.”
b. It assumes that “Galatia” refers to the ethnic Galatians of the northern
central plateau of Turkey (cf. I Pet. 1:1). These ethnic Galatians were Celts
(Greek Keltoi or Latin Gall) who invaded this area in the third
century b.c. They were called
“Gallo-Graecians” to distinguish them from their western European brothers. They
were defeated in 230 b.c. by
Attalus I, the King of Pergamum. Their geographical influence was limited to
northern central Asia Minor or modern Turkey.
c. If this ethnic group is assumed, then the date would be the mid 50’s
during Paul’s second or third missionary journey. Paul’s traveling companions
would be Silas and Timothy.
d. Some have linked Paul’s illness in Gal. 4:13 to malaria. They assert that
Paul went north into the highlands to get away from the marshy,
malaria-infested, coastal lowlands.
2. The second theory is championed by Sir Wm. M. Ramsay, St. Paul the
Traveler and Roman Citizen, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1896.
a. Whereas the traditional theory defined “Galatia” as ethnic, this theory
defines it as administrative. It seems that Paul often used Roman provincial
names (cf. I Cor. 16:19; II Cor. 1:1; 8:1, etc.) The Roman province of “Galatia”
included a larger area than ethnic “Galatia.” These ethnic Celts supported Rome
very early and were rewarded with more local autonomy and expanded territorial
authority. If this large area was known as “Galatia,” then it is possible that
Paul’s first missionary journey to these southern cities of Antioch in Pisidia,
Lystra, Derbe and Iconium, recorded in Acts 13-14, is the location of these
churches.
b. If one assumes this “Southern Theory,” the date would be very early—close
to, but before, the “Jerusalem Council” of Acts 15, which addresses the same
subject matter as the book of Galatians. The Council occurred in
a.d. 48-49 and the letter was
probably written during the same period. If this is true, Galatians is the first
letter of Paul in our New Testament.
c. Some evidences for the southern Galatian theory
(1) There is no mention of Paul’s traveling companions by name, but Barnabas
is mentioned three times (cf. 2:1,9,13). This fits the first missionary journey
of Paul.
(2) It is mentioned that Titus was not circumcised (cf. 2:1-5). This fits
best before the Jerusalem Council of Acts 15.
(3) The mention of Peter (cf. 2:11-14) and the problem of fellowship with
Gentiles fits best before the Jerusalem Council.
(4) When the money was taken to Jerusalem several companions of Paul from
different areas (cf. Acts 20:4) were listed. None, however, were listed from
northern Galatia cities, although we know these ethnic Galatian churches
participated (cf. I Cor. 16:1).
For a detailed presentation of the different arguments concerning these
theories, consult a technical commentary. They each have valid points. At this
point in time there is no consensus, but the “Southern Theory” seems to fit all
of the facts best.
C. Relationship of Galatians to Acts
1. Paul made five visits to Jerusalem, recorded by Luke in the book of Acts
a. 9:26-30, after his conversion
b. 11:30; 12:25, to bring famine relief from the Gentile churches
c. 15:1-30, the Jerusalem Council
d. 18:22, brief visit
e. 21:15ff., another explanation of Gentile work
2. There are two visits to Jerusalem recorded in Galatians:
a. 1:18, after three years
b. 2:1, after fourteen years
3. It seems most probable that Acts 9:26 is related to Gal. 1:18. Acts 11:30
& 15:1ff. are the setting of unrecorded meetings which are mentioned in Gal.
2:1.
4. There are some differences between the Acts 15 and Gal. 2 accounts but
this is probably due to
a. different perspectives
b. different purposes of Luke and Paul
c. the fact that Gal. 2 may have occurred sometime before the meeting
described in Acts 15 but in conjunction with it.
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 14:1-7
1In Iconium they entered the
synagogue of the Jews together, and spoke in such a manner that a large number
of people believed, both of Jews and of Greeks. 2But the Jews who
disbelieved stirred up the minds of the Gentiles and embittered them against the
brethren. 3Therefore they spent a long time there speaking
boldly with reliance upon the Lord, who was testifying to the word of His
grace, granting that signs and wonders be done by their hands. 4But
the people of the city were divided; and some sided with the Jews, and some with
the apostles. 5And when an attempt was made by both the Gentiles and
the Jews with their rulers, to mistreat and to stone them, 6they
became aware of it and fled to the cities of Lycaonia, Lystra and Derbe, and the
surrounding region; 7and there they continued to preach the gospel.
14:1 “Iconium” There is a second
century non-canonical book known as The Acts of Paul and Thekla, which is
reported to be Paul’s activities in Iconium. This book possibly contains the
only physical descriptions of Paul ever recorded: short, bald, bowlegged, heavy
eyebrows, and protruding eyes. It is quite uninspired and yet reflects the
impact that the Apostle Paul had in this region of Asia Minor. Most of this area
was in the Roman Province of Galatia.
▣ “entered the synagogue” This was
Paul and Barnabas’ regular pattern. These hearers, both Jews and Greeks, would
be familiar with the OT prophecies and promises.
▣ “a
large number of people believed, both of Jews and of Greeks” This phrase
shows the purpose of Acts. The gospel is spreading vigorously among various
people groups. The implications of the OT promises to all humanity (cf. Gen.
3:15; 12:3) are now being realized.
These summary statements relating to the rapid growth of the church are
characteristic of Luke’s writings.
14:2 “the Jews who disbelieved”
Salvation is characterized by “believed” (cf. v. 1), spiritual blindness and
recalcitrance is characterized by “disobedience” or “disbelief.” The refusal to
respond to the gospel dooms one to blindness and lostness!
Luke documents the virulent antagonism of Jewish unbelief and active
persecution. It is their rejection that opens the door of faith to the Gentiles
(cf. Romans 9-11).
▣
“stirred up” This is a common Septuagint
verb for rebellion (cf. I Sam. 3:12; 22:8; II Sam. 18:31; 22:49; I Chr.
5:26), but it is used in the NT only in Acts 13:50 and here.
▣
“embittered” This is another common term in the Septuagint to describe
evil, oppressive people who mistreat others. Luke uses this term often in Acts
(cf. 7:6,19; 12:1; 14:2; 18:10).
14:3 God used the miraculous to
confirm His gracious character and the truthfulness of the gospel of Jesus
Christ in this new area (cf. 4:29-30; Heb. 2:4).
14:4 “But the people of the city were
divided” The word of truth always divides (cf. 17:4-5; 19:9; 28:24; Matt.
10:34-36). Some of the Jews in the Synagogue believed, but others became
militant against the gospel.
▣ “with the apostles” This refers to
both Paul and Barnabas. In this chapter (i.e., 14:4 and 14) is the only time
Luke uses this term to refer to anyone except the original Twelve. Barnabas is
called an apostle (cf. v. 14). This is also implied in I Cor. 9:5-6. This is
obviously a wider use of the term “apostle” than the Twelve. James the Just
(half brother of Jesus) is called an apostle in Galatians 1:19; Silvanus and
Timothy were called apostles in I Thess. 1:1 combined with 2:6; Andronicus and
Junius (Junia in KJV), are called apostles in Rom. 16:6-7; and Apollos is called
an apostle in I Cor. 4:6-9.
The twelve Apostles were unique. When they died no one replaced them (except
Matthias for Judas, cf. Acts 1). However there is an ongoing gift of apostleship
mentioned in I Cor, 12:28 and Eph. 4:11. The NT does not provide enough
information to describe the functions of this gift. See Special Topic: Send (Apostellō)
following.
14:5 “with their rulers” This could
refer to the leaders of the city or the leaders of the synagogue. Some early
scribes and modern commentators assert two persecutions, (1) v. 2 and (2) v. 5,
but the context implies just one.
NASB, NRSV,
TEV“mistreat”
NKJV“abuse”
NJB“make attacks”
The Greek term hubrizō is more
intense than “mistreat,” possibly “to run riot,” or “to commit violent acts.” It
is very common in the Septuagint. Luke uses this term often in three senses.
1. insult, Luke 11:45
2. violent act, Luke 18:32; Acts 14:5
3. loss of physical property, Acts 27:10,21
▣
“stone” This second descriptive term shows just how violently the
opposition planned to attack the believers. Probably the Jewish element chose
this specific means because of its OT connection to blasphemy (i.e., Lev. 24:16;
John 8:59; 10:31-33).
14:6 “and fled to the cities of Lycaonia,
Lystra and Derbe” Iconium was in Phyrgia. It was close to the boundary of
a racially distinct group. This detail shows the historicity of the book of
Acts.
14:7 The
verb is a periphrastic perfect middle, meaning that they
preached again and again. This is the theme of Paul’s missionary journeys (cf.
14:21; 16:10). Those who trusted Christ under his preaching also sensed the
urgency and mandate to present the gospel to others. This was/is the priority
(cf. Matt. 28:19-20; Luke 24:47; Acts 1:8)!
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 14:8-18
8At Lystra a man was sitting who
had no strength in his feet, lame from his mother’s womb, who had never walked.
9This man was listening to Paul as he spoke, who, when he had fixed his
gaze on him and had seen that he had faith to be made well, 10said
with a loud voice, “Stand upright on your feet.” And he leaped up and began
to walk. 11When the crowds saw what Paul had done, they raised their
voice, saying in the Lycaonian language, “The gods have become like men and have
come down to us.”
12And they began calling Barnabas, Zeus, and Paul, Hermes,
because he was the chief speaker.
13The priest of Zeus, whose temple was just outside the city,
brought oxen and garlands to the gates, and wanted to offer sacrifice with the
crowds. 14But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard of it, they
tore their robes and rushed out into the crowd, crying out 15and
saying, “Men, why are you doing these things? We are also men of the same nature
as you, and preach the gospel to you that you should turn from these vain things
to a living God, who made the heaven and
the earth and the sea and all that is in them. 16In the
generations gone by He permitted all the nations to go their own ways;
17and yet He did not leave Himself without witness, in that He did
good and gave you rains from heaven and fruitful seasons, satisfying your hearts
with food and gladness.” 18Even saying these things, with
difficulty they restrained the crowds from offering sacrifice to them.
14:8 “At Lystra” This town was
Timothy’s home (cf. 16:1). This is a Roman colony established by Augustus in
a.d. 6. There was probably no synagogue here, so Paul and Barnabas
conducted street preaching.
▣ So that there was no possibility of
a trick or deception (cf. 3:2). There are three specific descriptive phrases
describing this man’spermanent condition.
1. no strength in his feet
2. lame from his mother’s womb
3. had never walked
▣ “no strength” The term adunatos
usually means “impossible” or literally “unable” (cf. Luke 18:27; Heb. 6:4,18;
10:4; 11:6), but here Luke uses it like the medical writers in the sense of
impotent or weak (cf. Rom. 8:3; 15:1).
It is interesting that Luke, in many ways, parallels Peter’s and Paul’s
ministries. Peter and John heal a lame man in 3:1-10 now so too, do Paul and
Barnabas.
14:9 “when he had fixed his gaze on him”
Luke uses this phrase often (cf. 3:4; 10:4). See note at 1:10. Paul saw that
this man was listening intently. Therefore, he commanded him to stand up and
walk (cf. v 10) and he did!
▣ “that he had faith to be made well”
This is used in the OT sense of the term “saved,” meaning physical deliverance.
Notice that Paul’s ability to heal was based on the man’s faith. This is often,
but not exclusively, the case in the NT (cf. Luke 5:20; John 5:5-9). Miracles
had several functions:
1. to show the love of God
2. to show the power and truth of the gospel
3. to train and encourage the other believers present
14:11 “in the Lycaonian language”
Obviously Paul and Barnabas did not understand what the crowd was saying. This
was the indigenous language of the region.
14:12 “calling Barnabas Zeus and Paul,
Hermes, because he was the chief speaker” A local tradition asserted that
the Greek gods often visited humans in human form (cf. Ovid,
Metamorphoses 8:626ff). From local inscriptions we learn this was an area
where Zeus and Hermes were worshiped (cf. v. 13).
Notice that Barnabas is mentioned first. This is probably because Paul, as
the spokesperson, would be understood by these pagans as the equivalent of
Hermes (Mercury); the silent Barnabas must then be the high god Zeus (Jupiter).
14:13 “gate” This could refer to the
city or, more probably, to the temple of Jupiter (Zeus) which was located just
outside the city gate and facing it. It was a time of great confusion and
misunderstanding.
14:14 “apostles” See note at 14:4.
▣ “tore their robes” This is a Jewish
sign of mourning and blasphemy (cf. Matt. 26:65; Mark 14:63). It surely would
have communicated even to these pagans that there was a problem.
▣ “rushed out” This is a common term
in the Septuagint for “leaping out” or “rushing out,” though it is used only
here in the NT. Paul and Barnabas sprang up and out into the midst of the crowd.
14:15-17 Here is a summary of Paul’s
first sermon to pagans. It is much like his sermon on Mars Hill (cf. 17:22-33).
14:15
NASB, NKJV“men of the same nature as you”
NRSV“we are mortals just like you”
TEV“we ourselves are only human beings like you”
NJB“we are only human beings, mortal like yourselves”
The term is homoiopathēs,
which is a compound of “the same” and “passions.” This term is used only here
and in James 5:17 in the NT. The locals had thought Paul and Barnabas were gods
(homoiōthentes, cf. v. 11), which means “made like” men. Paul uses the same root to denote their common humanity. Luke shows the humility of
Paul and Barnabas in contradistinction to Herod Antipas in 12:20-23.
▣ “you should turn from these vain things”
The term “vain” means empty, void, non-existent. Paul is directly confronting
their superstitious paganism.
▣ “to
a living God” This is a play on the term YHWH, which is from the Hebrew
verb “to be” (cf. Exod. 3:14). YHWH is the ever-living, only-living God.
See SPECIAL
TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY at 1:6.
▣ “who made“ This is a quote from Exod.
20:11 or Ps. 146:6. The Hebrew term
Elohim (cf. Gen. 1:1) describes God as creator and provider (cf. The
Expositor’s Bible Commentary, vol. 1, pp. 468-469) as YHWH describes Him as
Savior, Redeemer (cf. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, vol. 1,
pp. 471-472) and covenant-making God. See special Topic at 1:6.
14:16 “In the generations gone by He
permitted all the nations to go their own ways” This phrase may be an
allusion to Deut. 32:7-8 in which Moses asserts that YHWH establishes the
boundaries of the nations. Theologically this affirms God’s care and attention
to the nations (Gentiles, cf. Girdlestone,
Synonyms of the Old Testament, pp. 258-259). God desired that they know
Him, but the fallenness of humanity caused superstition and idolatry (cf. Rom.
1:18-2:29). However, He continued to pursue them (cf. v. 17).
The Gentile’s ignorance of God is contrasted with the Jews’ knowledge of God.
The irony is that Gentiles respond in mass by faith to the gospel, while Jews
respond in mass rejection and persecution toward the gospel (cf. Romans 9-11).
14:17 “He did not leave Himself without
witness” This is the concept of natural revelation (cf. Ps. 19:1-6; Rom.
1:19-20; 2:14-15). All humans know something about God from creation and an
inner moral witness.
▣ “rains. . .food” The local pagan
tradition said that Zeus was the giver of rain and Hermes was the giver of food.
Paul, following Deuteronomy 27-29, affirms God’s control of nature.
These pagans did not know God so the covenant curses of Deuteronomy are
replaced by God’s patience (cf. Acts 17:30; Rom. 3:25; 4:15; 5:13). Paul was
God’s unique choice (apostle to the Gentiles) to reach the nations! Paul uses
God’s creation and provision through nature (cf. Ps. 145:15-16; 147:8; Jer.
5:24; Jonah 1:9) as his point of contact.
It is interesting that there is nothing of the gospel per se in this sermon
summary. One assumes that Paul continued in the same line of reasoning as he did
in his Athenian sermon in Acts 17:16-34. One wonders whether Luke got this
summary from Paul or possibly Timothy (this was his home).
14:18 This is an eyewitness detail.
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 14:19-23
19But Jews came from Antioch
and Iconium, and having won over the crowds, they stoned Paul and dragged him
out of the city, supposing him to be dead. 20But while the disciples
stood around him, he got up and entered the city. The next day he went away with
Barnabas to Derbe.
21After they had preached the gospel to that city and had made many
disciples, they returned to Lystra and to Iconium and to Antioch, 22strengthening
the souls of the disciples, encouraging them to continue in the faith, and
saying, “Through many tribulations we must enter the kingdom of God.”
23When they had appointed elders for them in every church, having prayed
with fasting, they commended them to the Lord in whom they had believed.
14:19 Jewish opposition in the cities
where Paul had preached united in recurrent attacks on him (cf. II Cor. 4:7-15;
6:3-10; 11:23-30). Notice that the attack was focused on Paul, not Barnabas.
Notice also the fickleness of the pagan crowd. Paul and Barnabas are honored as
gods one moment and stoned the next!
▣ “they stoned Paul” This was not a
resuscitation miracle, but an account of Paul’s physical stamina and bravery
(cf. vv. 20-21). II Corinthians 11:25 and Galatians 6:17 also refer to this same
event. The stoning planned in v. 5 now became a reality!
14:20 “while the disciples stood around him”
Although it is not specifically stated, I think this was a prayer meeting to
which God wondrously responded. Notice how persecution continued to be the
mechanism/motivation for the spread of the gospel (i.e., a new city).
14:21 “After they had preached the gospel to
that city” This refers to Derbe (cf. v. 20). This city was also in the
Lycaonian part of the Roman province of Galatia. This was as far eastward as
Paul and Barnabas traveled on this missionary journey.
This city also wonderfully responded to the gospel and many were saved.
▣ “they returned to Lystra and to Iconium and
to Antioch” Apparently they did not preach publicly on this return visit,
but were privately organizing and encouraging the believers (cf. vv. 22-23).
14:22 This verse is a summary of
Paul’s discipleship message. Notice it is focused on (1) perseverance and (2)
tribulation. Believers are matured through trials (cf. Rom. 5:3-4; 8:17-18; I
Thess. 3:3; II Tim. 3:12; James 1:2-4; I Pet. 4:12-16).
▣ “strengthening” This term is used
several times in the Septuagint in the sense of “to cause to rest on” or “to be
established.” Luke uses this term several times to describe Paul’s follow-up
discipleship ministry (cf. 14:22; 15:32,41; 18:23).
▣ “the
souls of the disciples”
The term soul (psuchē) is used in the sense of the person or their mental
activities. This is not the Greek concept of every person having an immortal
soul, but the Hebrew concept of soul (nephesh, BDB 659, KB 711-713, cf.
Gen. 2:7) as a way of referring to a human being (cf. Acts 2:41; 3:23; 7:14;
14:2,22; 15:24; 27:37).
▣ “encouraging them to continue in the faith”
See SPECIAL
TOPIC: PERSEVERANCE following.
SPECIAL TOPIC: THE NEED TO PERSEVERE
▣ “the kingdom of God” This is a
difficult phrase to interpret. Jesus used it often in connection to His own
ministry. However, the Apostles obviously misunderstood its significance (cf.
1:3,6). In Acts it is almost synonymous with the gospel (cf. 8:12; 19:8; 20:25;
28:23,31). However, in 14:22 it takes on eschatological implications. It is this
“already” (cf. Matt. 12:28; Luke 16:16) vs. “not yet” (cf. Matt. 24:14,30,36-37;
25:30,31; II Pet. 1:11) tension which characterizes this age. See Special Topic
at 2:17. The Kingdom has come in Jesus Christ (i.e., First Coming), but its
consummation is future (i.e., Second Coming).
14:23 “they had appointed elders” The
term “elders” (presbuteros) is synonymous with the terms “bishop” (episkopos)
and “pastors” (poimenos) in the NT (cf. Acts 20:17,28 and Titus 1:5,7).
The term “elder” has a Jewish background (cf. Girdlestone, Synonyms of the
Old Testament, pp. 244-246 and Frank Stagg, New Testament Theology,
pp. 262-264), while the term “bishop” or “overseer” has a Greek city-state
background. There are only two church officers listed in the NT: pastors and
deacons (cf. Phil. 1:1).
The term “appoint” can mean “elect by
the show of hands” (cf. II Cor. 8:19 and Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon,
pp. 363, 484). The term is later used of “ordination” by the early church
fathers. The real issue is how does “elect by vote” fit this context? A vote by
these new churches seems inappropriate (although the church in Jerusalem voted
for the Seven in Acts 6 and the church votes to affirm Paul’s ministry to the
Gentiles in Acts 15).
F. F. Bruce, Answers to Questions, p. 79 says, “originally indicated
appointment or election by a show of hands (literally by stretching out the
hand), it had lost this specific force by New Testament times and had come to
mean simply ‘appoint,’ no matter by what procedure.” One cannot advocate or
reject an ecclesiastical polity by the use of this term in the NT.
Notice that Paul instructs Titus to
also appoint “elders” on Crete, but to Timothy in Ephesus Paul says let the
church select persons with certain qualifications (cf. I Timothy 3). In new
areas leaders were appointed, but in established areas leadership traits had a
chance to be manifested and be affirmed by the local church.
Notice that Paul’s missionary strategy is to establish local churches who
will continue the task of evangelism and discipleship in their area (cf. Matt.
28:19-20). This is God’s method for reaching the entire world (i.e., local
churches)!
▣ “church” See Special Topic at 5:11.
▣ “having prayed with fasting” This
may be purposefully parallel to 13:2-3. Paul had experienced the Spirit’s power
and direction at Antioch. He continued this same spiritual pattern. They had to
prepare themselves for God to reveal His will. See SPECIAL TOPIC:
FASTING at 13:2.
▣ “in
whom they had believed”
This is a pluperfect active indicative,
which denotes a settled action in past time. These new elders had believed for a
period of time and had proved to be faithful exhibiting leadership qualities.
This grammatical construction of eis connected to pisteuō (cf.
Acts 10:43) is characteristic of John’s writings, but is also present in Paul’s
(cf. Rom. 10:14; Gal. 2:16; Phil. 1:29) and Peter (cf. I Pet. 1:8). See the
important Special Topics at 3:16 and 6:5.
▣ “they commended them to the Lord”
This does not refer to some type of ordination. The same
verb is used in v. 26 of Paul and Barnabas, while in 20:32 for those who
were already elders. Ordination is helpful in that it emphasizes the truth that
God calls people into leadership roles. It is a negative and unbiblical if it
makes a distinction between believers. All believers are called and gifted for
ministry (cf. Eph. 4:11-12). There is no clergy-laity distinction in the NT.
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 14:24-28
24They passed through Pisidia
and came into Pamphylia.
25When they had spoken the word in Perga, they went down to Attalia.
26From there they sailed to Antioch, from which they had been commended to
the grace of God for the work that they had accomplished.
27When they had arrived and gathered the church together, they
began to report all things that God had done with them and how He had opened
a door of faith to the Gentiles. 28And they spent a long time with
the disciples.
14:24 The highland province of Pisidia
is just north of the coastal province of Pamphylia. Perga was the chief city of
the region. Paul apparently only passed through this city earlier (cf. 13:13),
but now returned and preached the gospel (cf. v. 25).
14:25 “Attalia” This was the seaport
of Perga.
14:26 “sailed to Antioch” They did not
return to Cyprus. Barnabas will return after the dispute with Paul over John
Mark (cf. 15:36-39).
▣
“they had been commended to the grace of God” The
verb is a periphrastic pluperfect passive. This first
missionary journey, initiated and sustained by the Spirit, was a marvelous
success.
14:27 “gathered the church together, they
began to report all things that God had done” Notice they were
responsible to the church. “Even the Apostle to the Gentiles” reported to a
local church (See Special Topic at 5:11). They also acknowledged who
accomplished this great accomplishment—YHWH/Spirit.
They did not report to the leaders (cf. 13:1), but to the congregation and
later reported on their mission activity to the congregation in Jerusalem (cf.
15:4) and, for that matter, all other congregations along the way (cf. 15:3). I
think it was the whole congregation who had laid hands on them and commissioned
them on their journey.
▣ “and how He had opened a door of faith to
the Gentiles” Paul used this phrase “door of faith” quite often (cf. I
Cor. 16:9; II Cor. 2:12; Col. 4:3; and also notice Rev. 3:8). God opened a door to all
humanity in the gospel that no one could close. The full implication of Jesus’
words in 1:8 is now being fulfilled.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
This is a study
guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own
interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the
Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not
relinquish this to a commentator.
These discussion questions are provided to help you
think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be
thought-provoking, not definitive.
1. Outline Paul’s first missionary journey by geographical sites.
2. Outline both of Paul’s sermons; to the Jews and to pagans.
3. How is fasting related to modern Christians?
4. Why did John Mark quit the missionary team?
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